Choosing sunscreen: SPF, UVA/PA and mineral vs chemical filters

For everyday use, a sunscreen with at least SPF 30 is enough, and if your face will be in the sun for a long time, SPF 50 with a "broad spectrum" label gives adequate protection for most skin types. For sensitive skin after surgery, or skin prone to pigmentation, a higher SPF and a mineral filter are usually recommended. The right choice depends on your skin type, how long you're exposed to the sun, and the other skincare products you use. A large share of UV rays still passes through clouds, so it is worth keeping this habit up every day, even when the sun is not visible.

What does the SPF number mean?

SPF (Sun Protection Factor) only measures protection against UVB rays — the ones responsible for redness and sunburn. SPF 30 blocks around 97 percent of UVB rays, while SPF 50 blocks around 98 percent; the difference looks small, but it matters for anyone who stays in the sun for a long time. No sunscreen blocks 100 percent of UV rays, which is why extra measures such as shade and a wide-brimmed hat also matter. These percentages are measured under lab conditions with the stated amount of product applied; in real life, most people apply less, so actual protection can be lower.

Why do the UVA and PA ratings matter?

Because SPF only measures UVB, UVA protection is listed separately. UVA rays penetrate the skin more deeply, damaging collagen, speeding up wrinkles and worsening pigmentation. Sunscreens sold under the EU labelling system use a circled "UVA" mark, while products of Asian origin use a rating from PA+ to PA++++, where PA+++ or PA++++ means stronger UVA protection. A "broad spectrum" label means protection against both UVB and UVA. UVA rays also pass through window glass, so daily protection matters especially for anyone who spends long hours in an office or a car; long-term UVA exposure also speeds up skin aging — you can read more about this in skincare after 30.

What is the difference between mineral and chemical sunscreen?

Both types can be effective; the choice usually comes down to your skin type and personal preference:

Chemical filters (ingredients such as oxybenzone and avobenzone) absorb rays and convert them into heat, giving a lighter texture, but they can irritate some sensitive skin types. For patients with rosacea or melasma, mineral filters are usually the first choice. Micronized mineral formulas that have appeared in recent years leave less white cast than traditional mineral creams, making daily use easier. Hybrid formulas that combine both filter types also exist and can be a balanced option for some users.

How does sunscreen choice change after cosmetic surgery?

Fresh scar tissue after surgery is more sensitive to the sun and can darken (hyperpigmentation) without proper protection. After facial procedures such as rhinoplasty, doctors usually recommend daily mineral sunscreen until the scar has fully faded, which can take 6-12 months. This process is covered in more detail in scar care. Patients with pigmentation concerns may also find melasma and hyperpigmentation useful. The same rule applies to scars hidden under clothing, for example after a tummy tuck or breast surgery: for the first 4-6 weeks, it is recommended to fully protect the scar from direct sunlight, and to use wide coverage at the beach or by the pool.

What should you pay attention to when using sunscreen?

• Apply about a teaspoon's worth to the face; a smaller amount reduces the level of protection
• Reapply every 2 hours, and after swimming or sweating
• Apply as the last step before makeup, and let it dry
• UV rays still pass through clouds, so keep using it every day
• Do not use expired products, since their effectiveness drops
• Use a separate SPF lip balm, since regular sunscreen is usually not enough for lip skin

When to see a doctor

It is worth consulting a dermatologist in the following cases:

• If redness, stinging or a rash appears after using sunscreen
• If a scar from surgery keeps darkening despite protection
• If you notice a new mole or one that is changing shape
• If sunburn keeps recurring despite consistent protection
• If you notice persistent itching, flaking or a wound that will not heal

Frequently asked questions

Is SPF 30 enough for everyday use?

SPF 30 is enough for most everyday activities, as long as it is applied in a sufficient amount and reapplied every 2 hours. If you will be outdoors for a long time, SPF 50 is a safer choice.

Is mineral sunscreen suitable for every skin type?

Mineral filters are generally better tolerated by sensitive skin, as well as rosacea and melasma, but they can sometimes give a thicker texture and a white cast. Lightweight mineral formulas exist for oily skin. When switching to a new product, testing it on a small area of skin lowers the risk of irritation.

How long after surgery can you start using sunscreen?

This depends on the type of surgery and how quickly the wound heals; it is usually started once the sutures are removed and the skin has closed. Only the surgeon who performed the procedure can determine the exact timing. Until then, protecting the scar with covering is the safer approach.

Is the SPF in makeup enough?

Usually not — makeup products are not applied in the amount needed to reach their stated level of protection. Using a separate sunscreen gives more reliable protection. The correct order is sunscreen first, then makeup on top. You can book a dermatology consultation through Dr Plasty.

This article is for information only and does not replace a medical consultation.